There’s so much that can be done with the built-in Windows tools to prevent commodity malware or ransomware attacks before you even spend a cent on 3rd party tools. All of these things can (and should be) combined to create a good multi-layered strategy:
- Restricting use of administrative credentials
- Ensuring that UAC is enabled
- Using Application Whitelisting (SRPs, AppLocker, Device Guard)
- Associating malicious filetypes (such as .JS) with Notepad through Group Policy
- Controlling or preventing the execution of Office macros
- Using newer Office features to prevent execution of macros in files downloaded from the Internet
- Patching applications, keeping them up-to-date
- Preventing script hosts and command interpreters from connecting to the Internet
The last point has been on my to-do list for some time now. I was again reminded of it the other day while watching Sami Laiho’s recent Microsoft Ignite session about PAWs.
A lot of email-delivered malware begins with a macro or via DDE attack, and then attempts to connect to the Internet to pull down more nasties.
Today I came across this great blog post by Branden, in which he describes a handy method to prevent applications from communicating with hosts out on the Internet, while still allowing them to communicate within the internal network.
I set about manually creating a list of outbound firewall rules, including a whole bunch to mitigate the application whitelisting bypasses highlighted by the brilliant Casey Smith here. Doing this via the GUI is painful, and I wouldn’t wish it on anybody:
Here’s a screenshot of PowerShell connecting to the web, before putting the firewall rule in place:
And here’s one taken after I enabled the firewall rule:
But PowerShell can still connect to an internal web server:
There are obviously going to be exceptions to these rules, for example to enable your IT staff to access Azure AD or other cloud-based services via PowerShell, but those things should be done from dedicated administrative hosts anyway. This ruleset is more for the general user population.
When the time came to think about sharing this ruleset here on my blog, I discovered that it’s possible to export the rules from the registry and re-import them elsewhere, however that has its own potential issues.
I instead created the following PowerShell script that will generate all of the appropriate rules using the New-NetFirewallRule cmdlet. It’s also much easier to review this script to see what it does, rather than read a registry export file.
You could extend this script to apply the rules directly to the appropriate GPO by using the -GPOSession parameter on the New-NetFirewallRule cmdlet.
As usual, run at your own risk, and test thoroughly before deploying:
| #Requires -Version 5 -Module NetSecurity -RunAsAdministrator | |
| <# | |
| .SYNOPSIS | |
| Create-MitigationFirewallRules – Creates Windows Firewall rules to mitigate certain app whitelisting bypasses and to prevent command interpreters from accessing the Internet | |
| .DESCRIPTION | |
| A script to automatically generate Windows Firewall with Advanced Security outbound rules | |
| to prevent malware from being able to dial home. | |
| These programs will only be allowed to communicate to IP addresses within the private IPv4 RFC1918 ranges: | |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network#Private_IPv4_address_spaces | |
| The method I used to blacklist everything other than RFC1918 addresses was copied from a blog post by https://twitter.com/limpidweb | |
| https://limpidwebblog.blogspot.com.au/2016/10/a-shower-leads-to-powershell-puking.html | |
| Application Whitelisting bypasses sourced from Casey Smith's list here: | |
| https://github.com/subTee/ApplicationWhitelistBypassTechniques/blob/master/TheList.txt | |
| This script could be modified to write these rules to an existing GPO using the -GPOSession parameter on New-NetFirewallRule | |
| PowerShell 5.0 is required because I'm using Classes | |
| .OUTPUTS | |
| Nothing | |
| .EXAMPLE | |
| Create-MitigationFirewallRules | |
| .LINK | |
| https://gist.github.com/dstreefkerk/800a9e0a22a6242a28b058be423cf0ba | |
| .NOTES | |
| Written By: Daniel Streefkerk | |
| Website: http://daniel.streefkerkonline.com | |
| Twitter: http://twitter.com/dstreefkerk | |
| Todo: Nothing at the moment | |
| Change Log | |
| v1.0, 24/10/2017 – Initial version | |
| #> | |
| $rules = @() | |
| Class FirewallRule { | |
| [string]$DisplayName | |
| [string]$Program | |
| [string]$Description | |
| [string]$Action = 'Block' | |
| [string]$LocalAddress = 'Any' | |
| [string]$Direction = 'Outbound' | |
| [string[]]$RemoteAddress = @('0.0.0.0-9.255.255.255','11.0.0.0-172.15.255.255','172.32.0.0-192.167.255.255','192.169.0.0-255.255.255.255') | |
| } | |
| # 32 and 64 bit versions of cmd.exe | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – cmd.exe';Program='%SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\cmd.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – cmd.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\cmd.exe'} | |
| # conhost.exe – not sure if this is needed, but blocking anyway | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – conhost.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\conhost.exe'} | |
| # 32 and 64 bit versions of cscript.exe | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – cscript.exe';Program='%SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\cscript.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – cscript.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\cscript.exe'} | |
| # 32 and 64 bit versions of wscript.exe | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – wscript.exe';Program='%SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\wscript.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – wscript.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\wscript.exe'} | |
| # 32 and 64 bit versions of mshta.exe | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – mshta.exe';Program='%SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\mshta.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – mshta.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\mshta.exe'} | |
| # PowerShell ISE | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – powershell_ise.exe';Program='%SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – powershell_ise.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe'} | |
| # PowerShell | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – powershell.exe';Program='%SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – powershell.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe'} | |
| # 32 and 64 bit versions of regsvr32.exe – application whitelisting bypass | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – regsvr32.exe';Program='%SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\regsvr32.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – regsvr32.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\regsvr32.exe'} | |
| # 32 and 64 bit versions of rundll32.exe – application whitelisting bypass | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – rundll32.exe';Program='%SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\rundll32.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – rundll32.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\rundll32.exe'} | |
| # 32 and 64 bit versions of msdt.exe – application whitelisting bypass | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – msdt.exe';Program='%SystemRoot%\SysWOW64\msdt.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – msdt.exe (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\System32\msdt.exe'} | |
| # .Net-based application whitelisting bypasses | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – dfsvc.exe – 2.0.50727';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\dfsvc.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – dfsvc.exe – 2.0.50727 (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v2.0.50727\dfsvc.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – dfsvc.exe – 4.0.30319';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\dfsvc.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – dfsvc.exe – 4.0.30319 (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\dfsvc.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – ieexec.exe – 2.0.50727';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\IEExec.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – ieexec.exe – 2.0.50727 (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v2.0.50727\IEExec.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – MSBuild.exe – 2.0.50727';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\MSBuild.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – MSBuild.exe – 2.0.50727 (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v2.0.50727\MSBuild.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – MSBuild.exe – 3.5';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v3.5\MSBuild.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – MSBuild.exe – 3.5 (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v3.5\MSBuild.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – MSBuild.exe – 4.0.30319';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – MSBuild.exe – 4.0.30319 (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – InstallUtil.exe – 2.0.50727';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\InstallUtil.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – InstallUtil.exe – 2.0.50727 (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v2.0.50727\InstallUtil.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – InstallUtil.exe – 4.0.30319';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe'} | |
| $rules += New-Object FirewallRule –Property @{DisplayName='Block Internet Access – InstallUtil.exe – 4.0.30319 (x64)';Program='%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe'} | |
| # Add more of your own rules by copying and uncommenting the line below | |
| # $rules += New-Object FirewallRule -Property @{DisplayName='';Program=''} | |
| # Create all of the rules using New-NetFirewallRule | |
| foreach ($rule in $rules) { | |
| New-NetFirewallRule –DisplayName $rule.DisplayName –Direction $rule.Direction –Description $rule.Description –Action $rule.Action ` | |
| –LocalAddress $rule.LocalAddress –RemoteAddress $rule.RemoteAddress –Program $rule.Program | |
| } |
The embedded Github Gist doesn’t show up on mobile devices. Here’s a direct link to the raw script file: https://gist.githubusercontent.com/dstreefkerk/800a9e0a22a6242a28b058be423cf0ba/raw/c2be1189f88fb5ad9acaab708ad985587a576ceb/Create-MitigationFirewallRules.ps1
